Table of contents
Preface 5
Table of contents 7
1 I ntroduction 8
Objective and scope 9
Outline 10
2 Method 12
2.1 Bottom-up scenarios 13
2.1.1 Input data 15
2.1.2 Bottom-up biomass blending shares and model interaction 15
2.2 Modelling approach under the Macro-economic Model LEITAP 17
2.2.1 The GTAP-E model 17
2.2.2 Assumptions for different scenarios 19
2.3 Integration of the LEITAP projections into the bottom-up model 22
2.3.1 Transport fuels 22
2.3.2 Electricity 23
2.3.3 Chemicals 23
3 R esults of the bottom-up projections (part I) 25
4 R esults of the top-down projections (part II ) 30
5 D iscussion 32
5.1 Results 32
5.1.1 Biomass use in the models 32
5.1.2 Costs of bio-based substitution 34
5.2 Methodology 34
6 C onclusions 36
R eferences 38
Appendices 40