要：本文运用动态最优理论，建立追求效用最大化的农民的生命周期消费模型，分析社会养老保险如何起到平滑消费、缓解贫困的作用。针对中国农民参加社会养老保险比率较低的现状，运用1999-2005年各省的面板数据，实证分析影响农民参保的因素，包括收入、子女数量、土地面积、固定资产、其他社会保险或社会救济的获得情况，说明农民收入低如何制约了其参加养老保险，依靠子女和土地养老在一定程度上是社会养老保险的替代，最低生活保障制度并没有对社会养老保险产生负面的抑制作用。在此基础上，论文提出政策建议和构建中国农村新型社会养老保险制度的设想。

关键词：社会养老保险；农民；生命周期的消费理论；动态最优化；面板数据

Abstract: Using the Dynamic Optimization Theory, this paper establishes peasant’s life cycle consumption model, and analyzes how the social pension can play the role of smoothing consumption level and reducing poverty rate. Using the panel data from 1999 to 2005, we empirically analyze the factors influencing peasants’ joining behavior. It suggests that peasants’ low income restricts them from joining in the pension, Family support of old adults and land dependence can to some extent replace the social pension. The minimum living expenses security system did not exert adverse impact on social pension plan. In the end the paper gives some policy suggestions and institutional reorientation.          

Key words: Social Pension; Peasant; Life Cycle Consumption Theory; Dynamic Optimization Theory; Panel Data