中国对外贸易与收入分配：基于要素禀赋的理论与实证

部分内容如下：

中国对外贸易与收入分配：基于要素禀赋的理论与实证
鲁晓东
（南开大学国际经济研究所 300071）
摘 要：本文通过一个三要素模型证明了对外贸易会扩大中国的收入不平等状况，从而弥合了斯
托尔帕-萨缪尔森定理与中国现实情况的反差。接下来利用中国21 个省区1995—2004 年的面板数
据研究了要素禀赋、贸易开放度对个人收入分配的影响。结果显示，要素禀赋特征对中国收入差
距具有相当的解释力，耕地、资本对收入不平等有抑制作用，而人力资本、劳动力等因素却倾向
于扩大了收入差距；其次，对外贸易显著的影响了中国的收入分配状况，是造成收入差距拉大的
主要原因之一；第三，对外贸易与不同的要素禀赋结合对于收入分配所产生的联合效应存在显著
差异；另外，对外贸易的收入分配效应呈现出城乡、地区差异性。除此以外，外商直接投资、经
济发展水平、城镇失业率与以非国有化为特征的经济改革对于收入差距有显著作用。
关键词：收入分配 要素禀赋 贸易开放度

Title:
Trade Openness and Income distribution: Theoretic and Empirical Study based on Factor
Endowments
Abstract:
This paper studies the theoretic and empirical links between factor endowment, trade openness and
individual income distribution. Based on multi-dimension model, we divide labor into skill and unskill
workers, and prove that trade openness will considerably cause China’s income gap, which explain the
contradiction between SS theorem and fact. By using panel data, we show that factor endowment
characters, to some extend, explains income gap. Land and Capital intensive provinces have a more
equal income distribution while human capital and labor intensive provinces have a less equal income
distribution. Second, Trade openness have a significant effect on China’s income distribution; The
interaction between a special endowment and openness have different effect on income distribution; we
also show that FDI, economy development, unemployment and reform have considerable negative effect
on income distribution. Our results are robust to variable kinds of test.
Key Word: Income distribution, Factor Endowments, Trade Openness