中国银行业效率的SFA测度分析

邹康   

（西南财经大学，四川成都，610074）

 

摘要：随着市场经济的逐步建立和金融体制改革的深入，我国银行产业的整体经营效率状况也因此发生一定变化。本文采用参数法——SFA随机前沿参数分析法（Stochastic Frontier Analysis）构建了我国银行产业的超越对数成本函数模型及效率测度方程，利用1993－2003年我国银行产业的有关指标数据，选取panel data模型的固定效应函数形式估计出该模型参数，进而对我国由计划经济向市场经济转轨的这个时期里的中国银行产业总体规模效率进行了计量实证分析，我们认为，从银行业的总体规模经济情况来看，除个别银行外我国银行业并没有显示出明显的规模经济或规模不经济现象，且大部分银行的规模经济系数都经历了先升后降的过程。其中四大国有商业银行的规模经济系数都经历了一个先升高后降低的过程，1996年以后中国工商银行出现了显著的规模不经济现象；10家股份制商业银行的规模经济系数则逐渐增加，还有规模扩张空间，可通过规模扩张获得规模经济效应。同时10家股份制银行之间的效率水平也呈现出较大差异，而且他们之间的差距有不断扩大的趋势，这也给我们一个提示，即完全的市场化银行未必带来高效率和规模效益。

关键词：银行效率、SFA（随机前沿分析法）、panel data模型、规模经济

Analysis on the Efficiency of China Banking Industry: A SFA Approach

Zou     Kang       

(South Western University of the Finance and Economics，Chengdu，610074)

Abstract：The overall efficiency in China banking industry had change more than ever going with the transitional process from a centralized economy to a market-oriented system and the reform of the financial system. The paper utilizes the parametric frontier approach, Stochastic Frontier Analysis, to design a translog cost function model and the efficiency evaluating equationof the China Banking Industry. We choose fixed effects modelsof panel data model to estimate the parameter using involved data of China banking industry during period 1993-2003, then we empirically examine the scale efficiency of China banking industry in the transitional stage. We found that the economies of scale or diseconomies of scale was not appeared in the overall China banking industry except individual bank and the scale efficiency coefficients of most banks had experienced a period of increasing at forepart then decreasing, thereinto, the scale efficiency coefficients of all the four state-owned commercial banks had experienced this period and the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China showed distinct diseconomies of scale after 1996. The scale efficiency coefficients of the other ten joint-stock commercial banks were stepping up and there is space of scale expansion. But there is distinct difference between the efficiency level of the ten joint-stock commercial banks, and the difference has expanding trend. It suggest that totally commercialized banks do not always have high efficiency and scale efficiency.

Key Words：bank efficiency,  SFA（Stochastic Frontier Analysis）,  panel data model, economies of scale