Contents
INTRODUCTION AND PLAN OF THE WORK .......................................................................... 8
BOOK I OF THE CAUSES OF IMPROVEMENT IN THE PRODUCTIVE POWERS OF
LABOUR, AND OF THE ORDER ACCORDING TO WHICH ITS PRODUCE IS NATURALLY
DISTRIBUTED AMONG THE DIFFERENT RANKS OF THE PEOPLE........... 10
CHAPTER I OF THE DIVISION OF LABOUR ......................................................................... 10
CHAPTER II OF THE PRINCIPLE WHICH GIVES OCCASION TO THE DIVISION OF
LABOUR .................................................................................................................................... 18
CHAPTER III THAT THE DIVISION OF LABOUR IS LIMITED BY THE EXTENT OF
THE MARKET.......................................................................................................................... 21
CHAPTER IV OF THE ORIGIN AND USE OF MONEY.......................................................... 25
CHAPTER V OF THE REAL AND NOMINAL PRICE OF COMMODITIES, OR OF THEIR
PRICE IN LABOUR, AND THEIR PRICE IN MONEY....................................................... 31
CHAPTER VI OF THE COMPONENT PART OF THE PRICE OF COMMODITIES ......... 45
CHAPTER VII OF THE NATURAL AND MARKET PRICE OF COMMODITIES.............. 51
CHAPTER VIII OF THE WAGES OF LABOUR........................................................................ 58
CHAPTER IX OF THE PROFITS OF STOCK........................................................................... 77
CHAPTER X OF WAGES AND PROFIT IN THE DIFFERENT EMPLOYMENTS OF
LABOUR AND STOCK............................................................................................................. 86
CHAPTER XI OF THE RENT OF LAND .................................................................................. 124BOOK II OF THE NATURE, ACCUMULATION, AND EMPLOYMENT OF STOCK... 222
INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................... 222
CHAPTER I OF THE DIVISION OF STOCK .......................................................................... 224
CHAPTER II OF MONEY, CONSIDERED AS A PARTICULAR BRANCH OF THE GENERAL
STOCK OF THE SOCIETY, OR OF THE EXPENSE OF MAINTAINING THE
NATIONAL CAPITAL ............................................................................................................ 230
CHAPTER III OF THE ACCUMULATION OF CAPITAL, OR OF PRODUCTIVE AND
UNPRODUCTIVE LABOUR ................................................................................................. 270
CHAPTER IV OF STOCK LENT AT INTEREST .................................................................... 286
CHAPTER V OF THE DIFFERENT EMPLOYMENTS OF CAPITALS .............................. 293
BOOK III OF THE DIFFERENT PROGRESS OF OPULENCE IN DIFFERENT NATIONS.......................................................................................................................
................ 307
CHAPTER I OF THE NATURAL PROGRESS OF OPULENCE ........................................... 307
CHAPTER II OF THE DISCOURAGEMENT OF AGRICULTURE IN THE ANCIENT
STATE OF EUROPE, AFTER THE FALL OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE............................311
CHAPTER III OF THE RISE AND PROGRESS OF CITIES AND TOWNS, AFTER THE
FALL OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE......................................................................................... 321
CHAPTER IV HOW THE COMMERCE OF TOWNS CONTRIBUTED TO THE IMPROVEMENT
OF THE COUNTRY ..................................................................................... 330
BOOK IV OF SYSTEMS OF POLITICAL ECONOMY...................................................... 341
CHAPTER I OF THE PRINCIPLE OF THE COMMERCIAL OR MERCANTILE SYSTEM 342

CHAPTER II OF RESTRAINTS UPON IMPORTATION FROM FOREIGN COUNTRIES
OF SUCH GOODS AS CAN BE PRODUCED AT HOME .................................................. 361
CHAPTER III OF THE EXTRAORDINARY RESTRAINTS UPON THE IMPORTATION
OF GOODS OF ALMOST ALL KINDS, FROM THOSE COUNTRIES WITH WHICH
THE BALANCE IS SUPPOSED TO BE DISADVANTAGEOUS....................................... 378
Part I — Of the Unreasonableness of those Restraints, even upon the-Principles of the Commercial System. ............... 378
PART II. — Of the Unreasonableness of those extraordinary Restraints, upon other Principles. ................................... 391
CHAPTER IV OF DRAWBACKS ............................................................................................... 400
CHAPTER V OF BOUNTIES ...................................................................................................... 405
CHAPTER VI OF TREATIES OF COMMERCE ..................................................................... 437
CHAPTER VII OF COLONIES .................................................................................................. 447
CHAPTER VIII CONCLUSION OF THE MERCANTILE SYSTEM ................................... 522
CHAPTER IX OF THE AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS, OR OF THOSE SYSTEMS OF POLITICAL
ECONOMY WHICH REPRESENT THE PRODUCE OF LAND, AS EITHER
THE SOLE OR THE PRINCIPAL SOURCE OF THE REVENUE AND WEALTH OF
EVERY COUNTRY ................................................................................................................. 539
APPENDIX TO BOOK IV .................................................................,.........................................562
BOOK V OF THE REVENUE OF THE SOVEREIGN OR COMMONWEALTH ............... 564
CHAPTER I OF THE EXPENSES OF THE SOVEREIGN OR COMMONWEALTH ........ 564
PART I Of the Expense of Defence......................................................................................................................................... 564
PART II Of the Expense of Justice ........................................................................................................................................ 579
PART III Of the Expense of public Works and public Institutions....................................................................................... 590
PART IV Of the Expense of supporting the Dignity of the Sovereign .................................................................................. 666
CONCLUSION ......................................................................................................................................................................... 667

CHAPTER II OF THE SOURCES OF THE GENERAL OR PUBLIC REVENUE OF THE
SOCIETY ................................................................................................................................. 668
PART I Of the Funds, or Sources, of Revenue, which may peculiarly belong to the Sovereign or Commonwealth ....... 668
PART II Of Taxes ..................................................................................................................................................................... 676
CHAPTER III OF PUBLIC DEBTS ........................................................................................... 749