CONTENTS
Preface to the Third Edition ix
Preface to the Second Edition xiii
Preface to the First Edition xv
1 The Role of Statistics 1
1.1 The Basic Statistical Procedure 1
1.2 The Scientific Method 11
1.3 Experimental Data and Survey Data 19
1.4 Computer Usage 20
Review Exercises 21
Selected Readings 22
2 Populations, Samples, and Probability Distributions 25
2.1 Populations and Samples 25
2.2 Random Sampling 27
2.3 Levels of Measurement 30
2.4 Random Variables and Probability Distributions 33
2.5 Expected Value and Variance of a Probability Distribution 39
Review Exercises 47
Selected Readings 47
3 Binomial Distributions 49
3.1 The Nature of Binomial Distributions 49
3.2 Testing Hypotheses 59
3.3 Estimation 70
3.4 Nonparametric Statistics: Median Test 77
Review Exercises 78
Selected Readings 80
4 Poisson Distributions 81
4.1 The Nature of Poisson Distributions 81
4.2 Testing Hypotheses 84
4.3 Estimation 87
4.4 Poisson Distributions and Binomial Distributions 90
Review Exercises 93
Selected Readings 94
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5 Chi-Square Distributions 95
5.1 The Nature of Chi-Square Distributions 95
5.2 Goodness-of-Fit Tests 104
5.3 Contingency Table Analysis 108
5.4 Relative Risks and Odds Ratios 117
5.5 Nonparametric Statistics: Median Test for Several Samples 121
Review Exercises 124
Selected Readings 125
6 Sampling Distribution of Averages 127
6.1 Population Mean and Sample Average 127
6.2 Population Variance and Sample Variance 132
6.3 The Mean and Variance of the Sampling Distribution of Averages 138
6.4 Sampling Without Replacement 143
Review Exercises 144
7 Normal Distributions 147
7.1 The Standard Normal Distribution 147
7.2 Inference From a Single Observation 152
7.3 The Central Limit Theorem 155
7.4 Inferences About a Population Mean and Variance 157
7.5 Using a Normal Distribution to Approximate Other Distributions 164
7.6 Nonparametric Statistics: A Test Based on Ranks 173
Review Exercises 176
Selected Readings 177
8 Student’s t Distribution 179
8.1 The Nature of t Distributions 179
8.2 Inference About a Single Mean 182
8.3 Inference About Two Means 190
8.4 Inference About Two Variances 197
8.5 Nonparametric Statistics: Matched-Pair and Two-Sample Rank Tests 204
Review Exercises 209
Selected Readings 210
9 Distributions of Two Variables 211
9.1 Simple Linear Regression 211
9.2 Model Testing 223
9.3 Inferences Related to Regression 233
9.4 Correlation 238
9.5 Nonparametric Statistics: Rank Correlation 250
9.6 Computer Usage 253
9.7 Estimating Only One Linear Trend Parameter 256
Review Exercises 262
Selected Readings 263
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10 Techniques for One-way Analysis of Variance 265
10.1 The Additive Model 265
10.2 One-Way Analysis-of-Variance Procedure 272
10.3 Multiple-Comparison Procedures 283
10.4 One-Degree-of-Freedom Comparisons 294
10.5 Estimation 300
10.6 Bonferroni Procedures 303
10.7 Nonparametric Statistics: Kruskal–Wallis ANOVA for Ranks 309
Review Exercises 313
Selected Readings 314
11 The Analysis-of-Variance Model 317
11.1 Random Effects and Fixed Effects 317
11.2 Testing the Assumptions for ANOVA 324
11.3 Transformations 329
Review Exercises 337
Selected Readings 338
12 Other Analysis-of-Variance Designs 341
12.1 Nested Design 341
12.2 Randomized Complete Block Design 350
12.3 Latin Square Design 360
12.4 a b Factorial Design 368
12.5 a b c Factorial Design 376
12.6 Split-Plot Design 387
12.7 Split Plot with Repeated Measures 398
Review Exercises 407
Selected Readings 408
13 Analysis of Covariance 409
13.1 Combining Regression with ANOVA 409
13.2 One-Way Analysis of Covariance 413
13.3 Testing the Assumptions for Analysis of Covariance 418
13.4 Multiple-Comparison Procedures 423
Review Exercises 428
Selected Readings 429
14 Multiple Regression and Correlation 431
14.1 Matrix Procedures 431
14.2 ANOVA Procedures for Multiple Regression and Correlation 439
14.3 Inferences About Effects of Independent Variables 444
14.4 Computer Usage 451
14.5 Model Fitting 458
14.6 Logarithmic Transformations 475
14.7 Polynomial Regression 484
CONTENTS vii
14.8 Logistic Regression 495
Review Exercises 507
Selected Readings 508
Appendix of Useful Tables 511
Answers to Most Odd-Numbered Exercises and All Review Exercises 603
Index 629
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