| 本书内容如下为例: Abelian category  An additive category C,which satisfies the following conditions, for any
 morphism f ∈ HomC(X,Y):
 (i.) f has a kernel (a morphism i ∈ HomC
 (X,X) such that fi = 0) and a co-kernel (a
 morphismp ∈ HomC(Y,Y) such that pf = 0);
 (ii.) f may be factored as the composition of
 an epic (onto morphism) followed by a monic
 (one-to-one morphism) and this factorization is
 unique up to equivalent choices for these morphisms;
 (iii.) if f is a monic, then it is a kernel; if f
 is an epic, then it is a co-kernel.
 See additive category.
 Abel’s summation identity If a(n) is an
 arithmetical function (a real or complex valued
 function defined on the natural numbers), define
 A(x) =  0 ifx < 1 ,
 n≤x
 a(n) if x ≥ 1 .
 If the function f is continuously differentiable
 on the interval [w, x], then
 w<n≤x
 a(n)f(n) = A(x)f(x)
 −A(w)f(w)
 −  x
 w
 A(t)f(t) dt .
 abscissa of absolute convergence For the
 Dirichlet series ∞
 n=1
 f(n)
 ns , the real number σa, if it
 exists, such that the series converges absolutely
 for all complex numberss = x+iy withx > σa
 but not for any s so that x < σa. If the series
 converges absolutely for all s, then σa = −∞ and if the series fails to converge absolutely for
 any s, then σa = ∞. The set {x +iy : x > σa} is called the half plane of absolute convergence
 for the series. See also abscissa of convergence.
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