中国居民收入差距影响因素分析*

沈坤荣 庄海燕*

 

内容提要：改革开放以来，中国居民收入整体上稳步增长，但收入差距不断扩大。研究影响居民收入差距的因素已成为国内外研究的重点。区别于已有的从单个角度对居民收入差距影响因素进行的实证研究，本文选取了13项指标进行主成分分析，试图从多因素角度分析影响中国居民收入差距的因素，并以此提出相应的政策建议。

关键词：收入分配；收入差距；体制转型

 

Abstract: China has carried out the reform and opening-up policy since 1978. The level of average income has advanced, while a sharp rise of income inequality has appeared. The investigation into the factors that influence income inequality has obvious time significance and has become an important research subject of domestic and overseas scholars. Different from the previous studies, the author tries to analyze as many different factors as possible from macro-economy view. Principal component analysis is used to analyze the thirteen indicators selected in this paper. Finally, some useful policy implications and suggestions are given.

Keywords： income distribution； income inequality； system transition

 

改革开放25年来，中国经济快速增长，人民生活水平稳步提高。但在居民总体收入增加的同时，个人收入不均等也逐渐扩大。从行业之间、城乡之间、地区之间看，居民收入差距都呈现不断扩大趋势（马宇文，2002）。收入差距问题已引起人们的高度重视。收入差距不仅影响一个国家或地区的经济增长，而且还影响着该国家或地区的政治稳定和社会发展。本文试图就中国居民收入差距的影响因素进行实证分析，并由此提出相关政策建议。

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